Which term describes the concept of "virtue" in Cicero's philosophy?

The term that best describes the concept of "virtue" in Cicero's philosophy is "virtus." In Cicero's works, virtue is understood as a fundamental quality that encompasses moral excellence and righteousness. "Virtus" is derived from the Latin word for manliness, strength, or bravery, but in the context of Cicero's thought, it extends to signify a commitment to ethical living and the pursuit of the common good. For Cicero, virtus is not just about individual morality but also about one's role within society and the responsibilities that come with citizenship. This understanding emphasizes that true virtue involves both personal integrity and a dedication to enhancing the well-being of the community.

While "honestas," "probitas," and "rectitudo" relate to aspects of moral integrity and ethical behavior, they do not fully encapsulate the comprehensive nature of virtue as articulated by Cicero. "Honestas" tends to refer more to respectability or honor, "probitas" to uprightness and honesty, and "rectitudo" to straightforwardness or correctness. Each of these terms highlights important qualities, but "virtus" stands out as the broader concept that encompasses all these attributes within the framework of Cicero's philosophical approach.